Evaluation of all biochemical changes in SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) spike protein to explore their evolutionary significance. The spike protein dominates the exterior surface of the SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein. Therefore it needs to change itself physically and biochemically the most to avoid immune recognition.
There is a chance that the second level of selective pressure acts on the spike protein to help the SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein evolve and adjust to the physical transmission between humans. There is possibly evolved from protein from the total charge of -8.28 to -1.26, in original lineages A and B, and with the most recent leading Omicron Variant of Concern (VOC).
Brief Introduction Of The Study
In the recent study, researchers used millions of SARS-CoV-2, genomic sequences retrieved, to monitor changes in the spike protein, including its charge, size, hydrophobicity, and folding over two years of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. It has performed a principal component analysis to detect the physical features of the spike most strongly linked with SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein lineages linked to genomic surveillance data.
The term extracted intact spike protein sequences and collected them into a matrix. They investigated changes in the charge of spike protein throughout the pandemic and plotted the total spike charge for all genomes every month of the pandemic. The researcher retrieved the spike coding region of all available CoV 229E full genomes sequences.
Vital Study Findings
The PCA was detected in top features, including charges, gravy, fractions, R, D, K, and J, and uncertainty clustered SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein lineage that evolved during the first two years of the coronavirus pandemic. The result showed a clear pattern of rising spike charges over the years of SARS-COV-2 evolution.
The researcher noted an increase in positive charge to 7.68. They observed an additional 3.28 in positive charge. The final round of rising in spike positive charge brought it to around 1.45. The study focused on each round of increase in positive charge of spike protein to the major SARS-COV-2 Receptor Binding Protein lineages reported over time.
Conclusion
The current study highlights the positive charge on SARS-CoV-2 while it increasingly interacts negatively, having charged matrix of mucins. The human respiratory tract promotes binding and transmission inside the host. The study states evidence for a broad spectrum of positive changes across the multiple sequences of SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein.
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